Lesson 4: She asked me when she had decided

ما الفرق بين الكلام المباشر والكلام المنقول؟

يقصد بالكلام المباشر هو أن ننقل كلام شخص ما حرفياً، أما الكلام المنقول هو أن ننقل معنى ما قاله شخص لشخص آخر وليس شرط أن يكون الكلام حرفي.

بمعنى أننا نستطيع أن نغير الكلمات بدون المساس بالمعنى.

كيف أحول الكلام المباشر إلى كلام منقول؟

أولاً:

إذا كان هناك شخصان في الجملة نستخدم الفعل (told ابلغ).

إذا كان هناك شخص واحد في الجملة نستخدم الفعل (said قال).

.I will be there,” he said”

.He said he will be there

.I will call you, Mark,” she said"

.She told Mark that she would call him

.I don’t want any water,” Mark said to Maria"

.Mark told Maria that he didn’t want any water

ثانياً: تتغير الضمائر وصفات التملك حتى تتناسب مع معنى الجملة.

.You look great in your new dress,” said Kate"

.Kate said that I looked great in my new dress

يجب إجراء هذه التغييرات عند تحويل الجملة إلى الكلام المنقول.

أولاً: يبدأ السؤال المنقول بالفعل: asked

.Why did he come back?” he asked"

.He asked why he had come back

ثانياً: إذا بدأ السؤال المباشر بأحد هذه الكلمات:

كم مرة how often, كم المدة what time, أين where, متى when, لماذا why, ماذا what نستخدمها في السؤال المنقول.

"?She asked, “What are you doing

.She asked what I was doing

وإذا لم يبدأ السؤال المباشر بأحد الكلمات المذكورة في الأعلى نستخدم if.

.Do you smoke?" my friend asked"

.My friend asked if I smoked

.Can you swim?" my neighbor asked"

.My neighbor asked if I could swim

Write the interviewer’s questions in reported speech.

• She asked her why she had wanted to be an architect.
• She asked her about her background.
• She asked her what kind of buildings she was famous for.
• She asked her if her designs had won any prizes.
• She asked her if Iraqi women could always be as successful as men in their careers.

B. Change into reported speech.

1. “How long have you been flying?” Mike asked.

He asked me how long I had been flying.

2. “Do you still like the job?” my friend asked.

He asked me if I still liked the job.

3. “What’s your favorite route?” the old man asked.

The old man asked me what my favorite route was.

4. “How did you feel on your first solo flight?” my teacher asked.

My teacher asked me how I had felt on my first solo flight.

5. “Have you ever had a scary experience when flying?” Waleed asked.

Waleed asked me if I had ever had a scary experience when flying.

Put the verb into the correct form.

1. “Can I borrow some money?” She asked me……
She asked me if she could borrow some money.

2. I asked Saab “How do you start your business?”
I asked Saab how he started his business.

3. Latifa asked Zaha “When did you decide to be an architect?”
Latifa asked Zaha when she had decided to be an architect.

4. Will you be able to come to the party? I asked Layla….
I asked Layla if she would be able to come to the party.

5. “What’s your favorite route?” He asked me…..
He asked me what my favorite route was.

6. “How long have you been waiting for Samir?” He asked me….
He asked me how long I had been waiting for Samir.

7. “Have you ever been to Europe?” He asked me.
He asked my if I had ever been to Europe.

8. “What are you doing?” He asked me……..
He asked me what I was doing.

9. “Have you ever had a scary experience when flying?” She asked…
She asked me if I had ever had a scary experience when flying.

10. “How long was the training?” He asked…..
He asked how long the training had been.

11. “Do you still like the job?” She asked me…..
She asked me if I still liked the job.

12. “When are you going to get out of bed?” My mother asked me.
My mother asked me when I was going to get out of bed.

13. “How often do you clean your teeth?” He asked me….
He asked me how often I cleaned my teeth.

14. “What are you doing on Friday afternoon?” Adam asked me.
Adam asked me what I was doing on Friday afternoon.

15. “Is the red jacket OK for you?” The shop assistant asked me.
The shop assistant asked me if the red jacket was OK for me.

16. She asked me, “How did you feel on your first solo flight?”
She asked me how I had felt on my first solo flight.

17. “How long have you been waiting for Faisal?” She asked me.
She asked me how long I had been waiting for Faisal.

18. “Why haven’t you answered all the questions?” My English teacher asked me.
My English teacher asked me why I hadn’t answered all the questions.

19. “How short do you want your hair?” The hairdresser asked me.
The hairdresser asked me how short I wanted my hair.

20. “Where has she been?” I asked.
I asked where she had been.

21. “Where did you lose your purse?” I asked.
I asked her where she had lost her purse.