Lesson 7: Beautiful Kerkennah

Defining Relative Clauses عبارات تعريفية موصلّة

هي عبارة تأتي بعد اسم ما لتعريفه ولا يجوز حذفها، وفي حال حذفت يصبح معنى الجملة غير كامل ولا نستخدم الفارزة فيها.

تبدأ هذه العبارة بأحد هذه الكلمات:

1. نستخدم (who) إذا جاء قبلها اسم بشر.

.I like the man who is ambitious

2. نستخدم (that) إذا جاء قبلها اسم بشر أو جماد أو حيوان.

.My friend Jack likes hotels that have a swimming pool

3. نستخدم (which) إذا جاء قبلها اسم جماد أو حيوان.

.This is the new car which I told you about last night

4. نستخدم (where) إذا جاء قبلها اسم مكان وجاء بعدها اسم أو ضمير.

.That is the office where my husband sits

5. نستخدم (whose) إذا جاء قبلها اسم بشر أو حيوان لإظهار الملكية.

.The little girl whose doll was lost is sad

.The man whose son is my dentist is standing over there

Non defining Relative Clauses عبارات غير تعريفية موصلّة.

هي عبارة تأتي بعد اسم لتعريفه ويجوز حذفها، وفي حال حذفت لن يتأثر معنى الجملة ونستخدم الفارزة فيها.

.Sami, who has never left the country, is going to England for his holiday

.The Hilton Hotel, which is very close to the beach, is the best hotel in city

B. Combine these sentences with who, that or where to make defining relative clauses.

1. I spoke to a lady on the phone. She told me to call back later.
They lady who I spoke to on the phone told me to call back later.

2. They’ve knocked down the restaurant. We had a meal there last year.
They’ve knocked down the restaurant where we had a meal last year.

3. I always go to that garage for repairs. It was closed today.
The garage that I always go to for repairs was closed today.

4. His car has broken down. He bought it last month.
The car that he bought last month has broken down.

5. The book was missing. It has the information I wanted.
The books that has the information I wanted was missing.

C. Complete the sentences with who, which, where or whose and add commas.

1. Riverside Cinema, where the tickets only cost £6 for students, usually has good foreign films.
2. Beirut, which is full of good cafes and restaurants, is a really interesting city.
3. My cousin Mike, who loves skiing, is going to buy a holiday home in the Swiss Alps.
4. My sister, whose favorite food is pizza, is having her birthday party at an Italian restaurant.
5. Fatima, whose photo was in the newspaper yesterday, is a very talented girl.

D. Use the correct relative pronoun to make one sentence. The sentence in brackets ( ) becomes the relative clause. Add commas where necessary.

1. Salwa wants to be an interpreter. (She speaks three languages.)
Salwa, who speaks three languages, wants to be an interpreter.
2. The Tigris Hotel has a fabulous pool. (The pool opened two months ago.)
The Tigris Hotel has a fabulous pool that opened two months ago.
3. Bashir is going to buy a car very soon. (He passed his driving test last week.)
Bashir, who passed his driving test last week, is going to buy a car very soon.
4. The Star Restaurant has a lovely garden. (You can have a meal there on summer evenings.)
The Star Restaurant has a lovely garden where you can have a meal on summer evenings.

Join by using the correct relative pronoun.

1. Salwa wants to be an interpreter. She speaks three languages.
Salwa, who speaks three languages, wants to be an interpreter.

2. The story won the first prize. It pleased many writers.
The story which pleased many writers, won the first prize.

3. My uncle Ali still rides a bike. (He is 80).
My uncle Ali, who is 80, still rides a bike.

4. His car has broken down. He bought it last month.
The car ………….. has broken down.
The car which he bought last month has broken down.

5. Horse riding, ………… is my brother Andy’s favourite sport, is expensive. [Use: Whose- Which]
Horse riding, which my brother Andy’s favourite sport, is expensive.

6. The Tigris Hotel has a fabulous pool. (the pool opened two months ago)
The Tigris Hotel has a fabulous pool which opened two months ago.

7. The Star Restaurant has a lovely garden. (you can have a meal there on summer evenings).
The Star Restaurant has a lovely garden where you can have a meal on summer evenings.

8. The university hostel was comfortable. I stayed there for four years. (Combine using where)
The university hostel where I stayed for four years was comfortable

9. The person stole the money. He must be punished. (Combine with who)
The person who stole the money must be punished.

10. Bashir is going to buy a car very soon. (He passed his driving test last week).
Bashir, who passed his driving test last week, is going to buy a car very soon.

11. The hotel has a swimming pool. (It is very big).
The hotel has a swimming pool which is very big.

12. My friend Adam caught three huge fish yesterday. He loves fishing.
My friend Adam, who loves fishing, caught three huge fish yesterday.

13. I always go to that garage for repairs. It was closed today.
The garage ……………… was closed today.
The garage where I always go for repairs was closed today.

14. My grandmother still remembers her childhood. She is ninety years old.
My grandmother, who is ninety years old, still remembers her childhood.

15. My uncle Albert still rides a bike. (He is 86).
My uncle Albert, who is 86, still rides a bike.

16. I spoke to a lady on the phone. She told me to call back later.
The lady ……………..told me to call back later.
The lady who I spoke to on the phone told me to call back later.

17. The book was missing. It has the information I wanted.
The book………………
The book which has the information I wanted was missing.

18. They’ve knocked down the restaurant. We had a meal there last year.
They’ve knocked down the restaurant…………
They’ve knocked down the restaurant where we had a meal last year.